GCP Interconnect Services

 

GCP Interconnect Services

Problem Statement

A company has an on-premises datacenter and wants to communicate with resources running inside Google Cloud VPC.

Possible options:

  • Cloud VPN
  • Dedicated Interconnect
  • Partner Interconnect
  • Cross-Cloud Interconnect

The choice depends on bandwidth, cost, location, and business requirements.

Dedicated Interconnect

What is it?

Dedicated Interconnect provides a private physical connection between an on-premises network and Google's network.

Company Datacenter
         |
    Company Router
         |
     Fiber Link
         |
    Google Router
         |
      Cloud Router
         |

         VPC

The company and Google meet at a common colocation facility.

A colocation facility is a large datacenter where many companies, telecom providers, and cloud providers keep their networking equipment.

How does it work?

Step 1

Place your router in a Google-supported colocation facility.

Step 2

Create a physical connection (cross-connect) between:

Your Router <-----> Google Router

Step 3

Configure BGP between:

Cloud Router <-----> On-Prem Router

BGP exchanges routing information.

Now both networks know how to reach each other.

What is BGP?

BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) tells networks:

"If you want to reach this network, send traffic through me."

Without BGP:

Company knows Google exists
Google knows Company exists

But neither knows the route.
With BGP:

Both sides exchange routes automatically.
Traffic Flow
On-Prem Server
      |
Company Router
      |
Dedicated Interconnect
      |
Cloud Router
      |
GCP VM

Traffic can move in both directions.

When should you use it?

Use Dedicated Interconnect when:

  • Large data transfers are needed
  • Low latency is required
  • Stable enterprise connectivity is required
  • Banking and payment applications require predictable performance

Example:

A bank processes millions of transactions and continuously synchronizes data between its datacenter and Google Cloud.

Capacity

Available capacities:

  • 10 Gbps
  • 100 Gbps

Can use multiple links for higher throughput.

Availability

Can achieve:

  • 99.9% SLA
  • 99.99% SLA

by using redundant connections.

Limitation

Your company must be able to reach a Google-supported colocation facility.

If no supported facility is nearby, Dedicated Interconnect may not be practical.

Partner Interconnect

What is it?

Partner Interconnect provides connectivity to Google Cloud through a supported service provider.

Examples:

  • Airtel
  • Tata Communications
  • NTT
  • Other Google partners

Why was it created?

Many companies are far from Google colocation facilities.

Instead of building direct connectivity, they use a telecom provider that already has connectivity to Google.

Architecture

Company
    |
Airtel / Tata / NTT
    |
 Google Network
    |
 Cloud Router
    |
    VPC

How does it work?

Step 1

Connect to a supported service provider.

Company ---> Airtel

Step 2

Provider already has connectivity to Google.

Step 3

Configure BGP between:

Cloud Router <-----> Company Router

Traffic now flows through the provider network.

Real-World Example

Suppose:

  • Company Datacenter = Nagpur
  • Google Colocation Facility = Mumbai

Instead of building a dedicated connection to Mumbai:

Nagpur Datacenter
        |
      Airtel
        |
      Google
        |

       VPC
Airtel carries your traffic.

When should you use it?

Use Partner Interconnect when:

  • Dedicated Interconnect is too expensive
  • You cannot reach a Google colocation facility
  • Bandwidth needs are moderate

Cross-Cloud Interconnect

What is it?

Cross-Cloud Interconnect connects Google Cloud directly to another cloud provider.

Examples:

  • AWS
  • Azure
  • Oracle Cloud
  • Alibaba Cloud

Why is it needed?

Many companies use multiple cloud providers.

Example:

Payments System -> Google Cloud

Analytics System -> AWS
Both environments need high-speed communication.

Architecture
Google Cloud
      |
Cross-Cloud Interconnect
      |
 AWS / Azure / OCI

Example

Suppose a fintech company uses:

GCP -> Payment Processing

AWS -> Data Analytics

Cross-Cloud Interconnect allows both environments to exchange data using private high-bandwidth links.

Benefits

  • Multi-cloud architecture
  • Reduced complexity
  • High-speed transfers
  • Private connectivity
  • Encryption support

ServiceBandwidthBest For
Cloud VPN1.5 - 3 Gbps per tunnelSmall workloads, testing, migration
Partner Interconnect50 Mbps - 50 GbpsMedium to large workloads
Dedicated Interconnect10 Gbps - 100 GbpsEnterprise-grade connectivity
Cross-Cloud Interconnect10 Gbps - 100 GbpsMulti-cloud connectivity

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